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Chapter II
Arriving in the city, Andrei Gavrilovich stayed with a merchant he knew, spent the night with him, and the next day in the morning appeared before the district court. Nobody paid any attention to him. Kirila Petrovich arrived after him. The clerks stood up and put feathers behind their ears. The members greeted him with expressions of deep servility, pulled out chairs for him out of respect for his rank, age and stature; he sat down with the doors open - Andrei Gavrilovich stood leaning against the wall - there was deep silence, and the secretary began to read the court ruling in a ringing voice.
We put it completely, believing that everyone will be pleased to see one of the ways in which in Rus' we can lose property, the ownership of which we have an indisputable right to.
18... October 27 days ** the district court considered the case of the improper possession of the guard by Lieutenant Andrei Gavrilov's son Dubrovsky estate, belonging to Chief General Kiril Petrov son Troekurov, consisting ** of the province in the village of Kistenevka, male ** souls, and land with meadows and lands ** tithes. From which case it is clear: the said general-in-chief Troekurov of the past 18... year of June 9 days entered this court with a petition that his late father, collegiate assessor and cavalier Peter Efimov son of Troekurov in 17... year of August 14 days, who served at that time time in ** viceroyal rule as a provincial secretary, bought from the nobles from the clerk Fadey Yegorov's son Spitsyn an estate consisting of ** districts in the aforementioned village of Kistenevka (which village was then called Kistenevsky settlements according to ** revision), all listed according to the 4th revision of the male gender ** souls with all their peasant property, the estate, with arable and uncultivated land, forests, hay fields, fishing along the river called Kistenevka, and with all the lands belonging to this estate and the master's wooden house, and in a word everything without a trace, that after his father, from the nobles, the constable Yegor Terentyev, Spitsyn’s son inherited and was in his possession, not leaving a single soul from the people, and not a single quadrangle from the land, at a cost of 2500 rubles. for which the deed of sale was completed on the same day in the ** chamber of trial and reprisal, and his father on the same August, on the 26th day of ** the zemstvo court was taken into possession and a refusal was carried out for him. - And finally, on the 17th... year of September, the 6th day, his father died by the will of God, and meanwhile he, petitioner General-Chief Troekurov, from the 17th... year, almost from an early age, was in military service and for the most part was on campaigns abroad, why he could not have information about the death of his father, nor about the estate left after him. Now, after completely retiring from that service and upon returning to his father’s estates, consisting of ** and ** provinces **, ** and ** districts, in different villages, in total up to 3000 souls, he finds that from among those the estates of the above-mentioned ** souls (of which, according to the current ** audit, there are only ** souls listed in that village), with the land and all the land, is owned without any fortifications by the above-mentioned guard lieutenant Andrei Dubrovsky, why, when presenting at this petition that genuine bill of sale given to his father the seller Spitsyn, asks, having taken away the said estate from Dubrovsky’s illegal possession, to give Troekurov’s complete disposal according to its ownership. And for the unjust appropriation from which he enjoyed the income received, after conducting a proper inquiry about it, impose on him, Dubrovsky, the following penalty according to the laws and satisfy him, Troekurov, with it.
After the zemstvo court carried out investigations on this request, it was discovered that the said current owner of the disputed estate of the guard, Lieutenant Dubrovsky, gave an explanation to the noble assessor on the spot that the estate he now owns, consisting of the said village of Kistenevka, ** souls with land and lands, went to he inherited after the death of his father, artillery second lieutenant Gavril Evgrafov's son Dubrovsky, and he inherited from the father of this petitioner, formerly the former provincial secretary, and then the collegiate assessor Troekurov, by power of attorney given from him in the 17th... year of August 30 days, certified in the ** district court, to the titular councilor Grigory Vasilyev's son Sobolev, according to which there should be a deed of sale from him for this estate to his father, because it specifically says that he, Troekurov, received all the estate that he received under the deed from the clerk Spitsyn, * * soul with land, sold to his father, Dubrovsky, and the following money under the agreement, 3200 rubles, received everything in full from his father without return and asked his trusted Sobolev to give his father the designated fortress. Meanwhile, his father, in the same power of attorney, on the occasion of payment of the entire amount, shall own the estate purchased from him and dispose of it from now on until the completion of this fortress, as the real owner, and he, the seller Troekurov, will no longer enter into that estate with anyone. But when exactly and in what public place such a bill of sale was given to his father from Sobolev’s attorney, he, Andrei Dubrovsky, does not know, because at that time he was very young, and after the death of his father he could not find such a fortress, but believes that Didn’t it burn with other papers and property during the fire in their house in 17..., which was known to the residents of that village. And that this estate from the date of sale by Troekurov or the issuance of a power of attorney to Sobolev, that is, from the year 17..., and after the death of his father from the year 17... to this day, they, the Dubrovskys, undoubtedly owned, this is evidenced by the roundabout residents who, in total 52 person, when questioned under oath, they testified that indeed, as they can remember, the aforementioned gentlemen began to own the said disputed estate. The Dubrovskys went back about 70 years ago without any dispute from anyone, but they do not know about which act or fortress. “The former buyer of this estate, the former provincial secretary Pyotr Troekurov, mentioned in this case, they will not remember whether he owned this estate. The house of Messrs. About 30 years ago, the Dubrovskys burned down due to a fire that happened in their village at night, and outsiders assumed that the said disputed estate could bring in income, believing from that time on, in complexity, annually no less than 2000 rubles.
On the contrary, General-in-Chief Kiril Petrov, son of Troyekurov, on the 3rd of January of this year, entered this court with a petition that although the aforementioned guard lieutenant Andrei Dubrovsky presented during the investigation to this case the power of attorney issued by his late father Gavril Dubrovsky to the titular adviser Sobolev for the sold to him the estate, but according to this, not only the original bill of sale, but even the execution of it ever, did not provide any clear evidence according to the force of the general regulations of Chapter 19 and the decree of 1752 on November 29. Consequently, the power of attorney itself is now, after the death of the giver of it, his father, according to the decree of May 1818, completely destroyed. - And in addition to this, it was ordered that disputed estates be given into possession - serfs according to fortresses, and non-serfs according to search.
For which estate, belonging to his father, a serfdom deed has already been presented from him as proof, according to which it follows, on the basis of the aforesaid legalizations, that the said Dubrovsky has been taken away from the wrongful possession and given to him by right of inheritance. And as the said landowners, having in the possession of an estate that did not belong to them and without any fortification, and used it incorrectly and income that did not belong to them, then, according to the calculation, how many of these will be due according to the force ... to recover from the landowner Dubrovsky and him, Troekurov, to satisfy them . - Upon consideration of the case and the extract made from it and from the laws in the ** district court, it was determined:
It is clear from this case that General-in-Chief Kiril Petrov son Troekurov on the said disputed estate, now in the possession of the guard of Lieutenant Andrei Gavrilov son Dubrovsky, located in the village of Kistenevka, according to the current ... audit of all males ** souls, with land and lands, presented a genuine bill of sale for the sale of it to his late father, the provincial secretary, who later was a collegiate assessor, in 17... from the nobles, the clerk Fadey Spitsyn, and that besides this, this buyer, Troekurov, as can be seen from the inscription on that bill of sale, was in the same year ** the zemstvo court took possession of the estate, which the estate had already been refused for him, and although on the contrary, from the side of the guard, Lieutenant Andrei Dubrovsky presented the power of attorney given by that deceased buyer Troekurov to the titular councilor Sobolev for the execution of a deed of sale in the name of his father, Dubrovsky, but in such transactions not only to approve serf immovable estates, but even to temporarily own by decree... is prohibited, and the power of attorney itself is completely destroyed by the death of the giver. - But in addition to this, in order for the deed of sale to be actually executed under this power of attorney where and when for the said disputed estate, Dubrovsky has not presented any clear evidence to the case from the beginning of the proceedings, that is, from 18... to this time. And therefore this court decides: to approve the said estate, ** souls, with land and lands, in whatever position it now finds itself, according to the bill of sale presented for it for Chief General Troekurov; about the removal from the order of the guard of Lieutenant Dubrovsky and about the proper entry into possession for him, Mr. Troekurov, and about the refusal for him, as he inherited it, to order ** the zemstvo court. And although, in addition to this, Chief General Troekurov asks for the recovery of Lieutenant Dubrovsky from the guard for the illegal possession of his hereditary estate for those who took advantage of the income from it. - But what kind of estate did Messrs. have, according to the testimony of old-timers? The Dubrovskys have been in undisputed possession for several years, and from this case it is not clear that on the part of Mr. Troekurov there have been any petitions until now regarding such improper possession by the Dubrovskys of this estate, according to the code it is ordered that if anyone sows someone else’s land or blocks the estate , and they will begin to beat him about the wrong possession, and about this it will be found out straight out, then the right one will give that land, and with the sown grain, and the city, and the building, and therefore General-Chief Troekurov will refuse the claim made on the guard of Lieutenant Dubrovsky, for the property belonging to him is returned to his possession, without taking anything from it. And that when entering for him, everything may turn out to be without a trace, while providing General-Chief Troekurov, if he has any clear and legal evidence about such a claim, he can ask where it should be specially. What decision will be first announced to both the plaintiff and the defendant, on a legal basis, by appeal, and summon them to this court to hear this decision and sign pleasure or displeasure through the police.
Which decision was signed by all those present in that court.
The secretary fell silent, the assessor stood up and with a low bow turned to Troekurov, inviting him to sign the proposed paper, and the triumphant Troekurov, taking the pen from him, signed the decision
The trial is your absolute pleasure.
The line was behind Dubrovsky. The secretary brought him the paper. But Dubrovsky became motionless, lowering his head.
The secretary repeated his invitation to him to sign his complete and complete pleasure or obvious displeasure, if, more than aspirations, he feels in his conscience that his cause is right, and intends to appeal to the appropriate place at the time prescribed by the laws. Dubrovsky was silent... Suddenly he raised his head, his eyes sparkled, he stamped his foot, pushed the secretary with such force that he fell, and, grabbing an inkwell, threw it at the assessor. Everyone was horrified. "How! do not honor the church of God! away, you boorish tribe!” Then, turning to Kiril Petrovich: “We’ve heard of it, your Excellency,” he continued, “hunters are bringing dogs into God’s church! dogs are running around the church. I’ll teach you a lesson already...” The watchmen came running at the noise and forcibly took possession of him. They took him out and put him in a sleigh. Troekurov followed him out, accompanied by the entire court. Dubrovsky's sudden madness had a strong effect on his imagination and poisoned his triumph.
In a court
The judges, who hoped for his gratitude, did not receive a single friendly word from him. On the same day he went to Pokrovskoye. Meanwhile, Dubrovsky was lying in bed; The district doctor, fortunately not a complete ignoramus, managed to bleed him and apply leeches and Spanish flies. By evening he felt better, the patient came to his senses. The next day they took him to Kistenevka, which almost no longer belonged to him.
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Vladimir Dubrovsky during the fire
A rich and noble gentleman, Kirila Petrovich Troekurov, lives on his Pokrovskoye estate. Knowing his tough temper, all his neighbors are afraid of him, except for the poor landowner Andrei Gavrilovich Dubrovsky, a retired guard lieutenant and former colleague of Troekurov. Both of them are widowers. Dubrovsky has a son, Vladimir, who works in St. Petersburg, and Troekurov has a daughter, Masha, who lives with her father, and Troekurov often talks about his desire to marry his children. An unexpected disagreement quarrels friends, and Dubrovsky’s proud and independent behavior alienates them from each other even more. The autocratic and all-powerful Troyekurov, in order to take out his irritation, decides to deprive Dubrovsky of his estate and orders the assessor Shabashkin to find a “legal” path to this lawlessness. The court's tricksters fulfill Troekurov's wishes, and Dubrovsky is summoned to the zemstvo judge to decide the case. At the court hearing, in the presence of the litigants, a decision is read, filled with legal incidents, according to which Dubrovsky's Kistenevka estate becomes the property of Troekurov, and Dubrovsky suffers a fit of insanity. Dubrovsky's health is deteriorating, and the old serf woman Yegorovna, who was looking after him, writes a letter to Vladimir Dubrovsky in St. Petersburg notifying him of what happened. Having received the letter, Vladimir Dubrovsky takes his leave and goes home. The dear coachman tells him about the circumstances of the case. At home he finds his father sick and decrepit. Andrei Gavrilovich Dubrovsky is slowly dying. Troekurov, tormented by his conscience, goes to make peace with Dubrovsky, who is paralyzed at the sight of the enemy. Vladimir orders Troekurov to get out, and at that moment old Dubrovsky dies. After Dubrovsky’s funeral, judicial officials and the police officer come to Kistenevka to introduce Troekurov into ownership. The peasants refuse to obey and want to deal with the officials. Dubrovsky stops them. At night, in the house, Dubrovsky finds the blacksmith Arkhip, who has decided to kill the clerks, and dissuades him from this intention. He decides to leave the estate and orders all the people to be taken out to set the house on fire. He sends Arkhip to unlock the doors so that the officials can leave the house, but Arkhip violates the master’s order and locks the door. Dubrovsky sets fire to the house and quickly leaves the yard, and the clerks die in the resulting fire. Dubrovsky is suspected of arson and murder of officials. Troekurov sends a report to the governor, and a new case begins. But then another event distracts everyone’s attention from Dubrovsky: robbers appeared in the province who robbed all the landowners of the province, but did not touch only Troekurov’s property. Everyone is sure that the leader of the robbers is Dubrovsky. For his illegitimate son, Sasha Troekurov, orders a French teacher from Moscow, Monsieur Deforge, who is greatly impressed by the beauty of seventeen-year-old Marya Kirilovna Troekurov, but she does not pay any attention to the hired teacher. Deforge is put to the test by being pushed into a room with a hungry bear (a common joke with guests in Troekurov's house). The unperturbed teacher kills the beast. His determination and courage make a great impression on Masha. A friendly rapprochement occurs between them, which becomes a source of love. On the day of the temple holiday, guests come to Troekurov’s house. At dinner the conversation turns to Dubrovsky. One of the guests, a landowner named Anton Pafnutich Spitsyn, admits that he once gave false testimony in court against Dubrovsky in favor of Kirila Petrovich. One lady reports that a week ago Dubrovsky dined with her, and tells the story that his the clerk, sent to the post office with a letter and 2000 rubles for her son, a guards officer, returned and reported that he had been robbed by Dubrovsky, but was caught in a lie by a man who came to visit her and identified himself as a former colleague of her late husband. The clerk who was called says that Dubrovsky actually stopped him on the way to the post office.
