Rakhmetov as a “special person” in the novel by N.G. Chernyshevsky “What to do?”
It is noteworthy that for N.G.
Chernyshevsky, probably more than any other Russian writer of the 19th century, was characterized by the unity of artistic creativity and worldview. It seems to me that it is in this uniqueness that the strength and weakness of this writer lies. Chernyshevsky belongs to a number of those artists for whom, according to Belinsky, not “the mind has gone into talent,” but, “the talent has gone into the mind.” True, there is another side to the matter. An artist may believe that a given work is a direct expression of his ideas, ideals and passions. And he expresses them in his work straightforwardly and unambiguously. The main positive image of Chernyshevsky’s novel “What is to be done?” — Rakhmetov (Nikitushka Lomov). He is the focus of a certain positive program of Chernyshevsky, the embodiment of the author's ethical and aesthetic ideals. But, of course, the content of this image is not exhausted by either this program or these ideals. Chernyshevsky understood that the people themselves, the peasantry itself, did not have the conditions for developing revolutionary consciousness. And, from this point of view, the image of Rakhmetov is an attempt to artistically resolve the issue that worried Chernyshevsky all his life. It is precisely in the affirmation of the desire for unity with the people that the meaning and content of this image lie.
The image of Rakhmetov is bright and original. What is striking is the simplicity and naturalness of this hero emphasized by the author, his complete indifference to wealth (despite his noble origin), the absence of everything gentlemanly and lordly in him, his constant attention to ordinary people. It is Rakhmetov who comes to Vera Pavlovna to help in her great grief. Rakhmetov lives only for the people, in the name of the people: “. He had an abyss of things to do, and all the matters that did not concern him personally, he had no personal affairs. »
In an effort to show the closeness and unity of Rakhmetov with the people, Chernyshevsky combines two images in this character: the image of an advanced person with a “truly modern” way of thinking and the image of a “man of the people”—Nikitushka Lomov. We see how this hero does not feel sorry for himself. He has superhuman strength and endurance, and, together with barge haulers, carries heavy barges on his shoulders. Therefore, it is close and understandable to the people. Comparison with Pushkin's Pugachev, Gogol's Taras Bulba and other similar heroes speaks of the novelty of this type for Russian literature. Chernyshevsky very persistently and consistently emphasizes precisely those new features in the moral character of his hero, which precisely bring him closer to the people. When Rakhmetov is asked what is the reason for his “oddities” and “eccentricities” (he develops himself physically, dresses very simply, eats “simple food”), he replies: “That’s how it is necessary. it gives respect and love to the common people. “This is useful,” the revolutionary adds, “it may come in handy.”
Rakhmetov is an extraordinary person. But in whose eyes? “...Everyone was a little afraid of Rakhmetov,” notes Chernyshevsky, “even Lopukhov, and Kirsanov, and everyone who was not afraid of anyone or anything, felt, at times, a certain cowardice in front of him.” And “he was very distant from Vera Pavlovna.” Only among ordinary people is Rakhmetov “an insider”: he is “the favorite of Masha,” Vera Pavlovna’s servant and everyone “who equaled or surpassed her in simplicity of soul and dress. Rakhmetov himself was proud of his closeness to the people.
This hero considers the most terrible, most unforgivable crime to be a crime against the interests of the people. Reproaching Vera Pavlovna for the fact that during a severe mental shock she forgot about her workshops for a minute, Rakhmetov says that because of this, the business could suffer, a matter ultimately needed by the people. “This, Vera Pavlovna,” continues Rakhmetov, “is what in church language is called a sin against the Holy Spirit, a sin about which it is said that every other sin can be forgiven to a person, but this one cannot, never.” In the scene of the conversation with Vera Pavlovna, Rakhmetov performs a double “mission”, Vera Pavlovna is calmed down, everything begins to fall within the framework of “ordinary” life, but the hero is concerned about the condition of her servant Masha:
“Are you calm now, Vera Pavlovna?” - Yeah almost. - Fine. Do you think Masha is sleeping? Do you need her for anything now? - Of course not. - But you have already calmed down; therefore, you could already remember that you need to tell her to sleep, it’s already the first hour, but she gets up early in the morning.”
It is interesting that Vera Pavlovna’s scene is the only place in the novel where Rakhmetov appears and acts. Chernyshevsky introduces into this scene the motive of caring for the common man.
All the conventions of an “educated society” do not exist for Rakhmetov. The thought of the people permeates the entire image of the revolutionary Rakhmetov. This is no accident. For Chernyshevsky, caring about the welfare of the people, about the fate of ordinary people, meant being a revolutionary.
The image of Rakhmetov embodies the spirit of the era itself, the writer’s cherished dream. It is impossible not to note the romantic features in it. The author raised the hero above the crowd, embodied in him the hope for the awakening of revolutionary consciousness among the people, their emancipation and happiness. It is no coincidence that Rakhmetov appears again at the end of the novel, accompanied by the mysterious “woman in pink,” symbolizing the revolution.
Rakhmetov is a special person
Here is a genuine person who is especially needed now in Russia, take his example and, whoever is able and able, follow his path, for this is the only path for you that can lead to the desired goal.
N.G. Chernyshevsky.
Rakhmetov appears as a character in the chapter “A Special Person.” In other chapters his name is only mentioned. But it is felt that the image is placed in the center of the reader’s attention, that Rakhmetov is the main character of the novel “What is to be done?” The chapter “A Special Person” forms, as it were, a small independent story in a novel, the idea of which would not be complete and understandable without it.
When talking about Rakhmetov, Chernyshevsky deliberately shifts the temporal order of facts, and does not give a definitely consistent description and biography. He uses hints and innuendo, interweaving what was “known” about him with what was “found out” later. Therefore, every stroke of the biography is of fundamental importance. For example, origin. Indeed, why does the commoner Chernyshevsky make the main character of a socio-political novel a nobleman whose pedigree goes back centuries? Perhaps, according to the writer, the image of a revolutionary nobleman made the idea of revolution more convincing and attractive. Since the best representatives of the nobility renounce their privileges to live at the expense of the people, it means that a crisis is ripe.
Rakhmetov's rebirth began in his early youth. His family was obviously a serf family. This is indicated by the meager phrase: “Yes, and he saw that it was in the village.” Observing the cruelty of serfdom, the young man began to think about justice.
“Thoughts began to wander in him, and Kirsanov was for him what Lopukhov was for Vera Pavlovna.” On the very first evening, he “listened greedily” to Kirsanov, “interrupted his words with exclamations and curses on what should perish, blessings on what should live.”
Rakhmetov differs from Lopukhov and Kirsanov not only in his aristocratic pedigree, but also in his exceptional strength of character, which is manifested in the constant hardening of body and spirit, but especially in his absorption in the matter of preparing for the revolutionary struggle. This is a man of ideas in the highest sense of the word.
For Rakhmetov, the dream of revolution is a guide to action, a guideline for his entire personal life.
The desire for rapprochement with ordinary people is clearly manifested in Rakhmetov. This is evident from his travels around Russia, physical labor, and severe self-restraint in his personal life. The people nicknamed Rakhmetov Nikitushka Lomov, thereby expressing their love for him. Unlike the commoner Bazarov, who spoke condescendingly to the “thick-bearded” men, the nobleman Rakhmetov does not look at the people as a mass to be studied. For him, people are worthy of respect. He is trying to experience at least part of the weight that hangs on the peasant's shoulders.
Chernyshevsky shows Rakhmetov as a person of a “very rare”, “special breed”, but at the same time as a typical person, belonging to a new social group, albeit a small one. The writer endowed the “special person” with severe demands on himself and others and even a gloomy appearance.
Vera Pavlovna at first finds him “very boring.” “Lopukhov and Kirsanov, and everyone who was not afraid of anyone or anything, felt at times a certain cowardice in front of him ... except for Masha and those who were equal to her or superior to her in the simplicity of their souls and dresses.”
But Vera Pavlovna, having gotten to know Rakhmetov better, says about him: “...what a gentle and kind person he is.”
Rakhmetovrigorist, that is, a person who never deviates from the accepted rules of behavior in anything. He prepares himself for the revolutionary struggle both morally and physically. Having slept the night on nails, he explains his action, smiling broadly and joyfully: “Test. Need to. It’s implausible, of course: but it’s necessary, just in case. I see I can." This is probably how Chernyshevsky saw the leader of the revolutionaries. To the question: “What to do?” Nikolai Gavrilovich answers with the image of Rakhmetov and the words placed in the epigraph. The figure of this rigorist had a huge influence on subsequent generations of Russian and foreign revolutionaries. This is evidenced by the confessions of these people that their “favorite was, in particular, Rakhmetov.”
I like Rakhmetov. He has the qualities that Bazarov lacks. I admire his tenacity, will, endurance, ability to subordinate his life to his chosen ideal, courage, strength. I want to be at least a little like Rakhmetov.
Bibliography
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The image and characterization of Rakhmetov in the novel What to Do by Chernyshevsky essay
It’s no secret that at one time Chernyshevsky’s novel “What is to be done?” caused a real stir in public circles. A novel about “new people” - this is how this work is usually called, which had a colossal influence on the minds of Russian youth in the 60s of the 19th century. But who are these “new people”?
One of them is Rakhmetov, a character who plays a special role in this novel. “A special person” is what the author calls him. Rakhmetov is a collective image of people of the highest “breed” of that time. What is he like?
Rakhmetov is a democratic revolutionary, a nobleman by birth. As a young man, he entered the university, where he became close to Kirsanov. He greatly influenced Rakhmetov’s views, after which the young man began to study revolutionary literature. However, he did not read everything: he declared that he read only “original” things. Rakhmetov believed that every science has its own textbook sources, and only they are truly worthy of attention. Accordingly, he studied only the most original works, primary sources, because they freed him from the need to study hundreds of similar books.
Some characters call Rakhmetov a rigorist - a man who unswervingly followed his principles and internal guidelines. And indeed it is. Being an aristocrat by birth, Rakhmetov did not allow himself to live in grand style: he ate, apart from beef, only the cheapest foods, and slept on felt. “I have no right to spend money on a whim that I can do without,” he declared. Moreover, Rakhmetov worked hard for a long time in order to experience first-hand all the hardships, difficulties and deprivations that befall poor people. This is the essence of his asceticism: he believed that he could not live differently from the way the common people lived.
Rakhmetov devoted himself entirely to the cause for the good of the people: he never wasted time, studied relevant literature, and even spent no more time communicating with people than was necessary. This reflects one of the main traits of his character - rationality. At times his rationality went to the extreme: he once fell in love with a woman, but did not start a serious relationship with her - in his words, this could have “tied his hands.” He meant that love would be an obstacle to his revolutionary activities. Therefore, he left his beloved; For several months after the breakup, I tried to suppress the feeling of love in myself; I walked around depressed and gloomy. And this is just one of the cases of his self-restraint and self-sacrifice.
It is obvious that Rakhmetov is a character to look up to. Unwavering will, firm adherence to principles, rationality, honesty - these are the qualities that each of us should strive to acquire.
Other characters
Marya Aleksevna Rozalskaya
- Vera Pavlovna’s mother, a very enterprising woman who always looked for profit in everything.
Pavel Konstantinich Rozalsky
- manager of the Storeshnikovs' house, father of Vera Pavlovna.
Mikhail Ivanovich Storeshnikov
- “a prominent and handsome officer,” a womanizer, wooed Vera Pavlovna.
Julie
- a Frenchwoman, a woman with a complex past, found herself a Russian lover, helped and sympathized with Vera.
Mertsalov Alexey Petrovich
- a good friend of Lopukhov, the priest who married Lopukhov and Vera.
Mertsalova Natalya Andreevna
- Mertsalov’s wife, and then Vera’s friend.
Rakhmetov
– Lopukhov’s friend, Kirsanova, was straightforward, with bold views.
Katerina Vasilievna Polozova
- wife of Beaumont (Lopukhov).
Vasily Polozov
- father of Katerina Vasilievna.
I. Fool
“On the morning of July 11, 1856, the servants of one of the large St. Petersburg hotels near the Moscow railway station were at a loss.” The day before, at 9 o'clock in the evening, a certain gentleman stopped with them. In the morning he did not respond. Having broken down the doors, they found a note: “I’m leaving at 11 o’clock in the evening and will not return. They will hear me on the Liteiny Bridge, between 2 and 3 am. Don’t have any suspicions about anyone.”
The policeman said that at night a pistol shot was heard on the bridge and the missing gentleman’s cap was found with a bullet through it. The gossips decided that he did this because he was “just a fool.”
II. The first consequence of a stupid case
That same morning at 12 o'clock a young lady was sewing and humming a French song in a low voice. They brought her a letter that brought her to tears. The young man who entered the room read the letter: “I embarrassed your calm. I'm leaving the stage. Don't be sorry; I love you both so much that I am very happy with my determination. Farewell". His hands began to shake. The woman exclaimed: “You have his blood on you!” , “And I have his blood on me!” .
III. Preface
The author argues that he “used the usual trick of novelists: he began the story with spectacular scenes taken from the middle or end of it.” He reflects that among his audience there is a share of people whom he respects - “kind and strong, honest and capable,” so he “still needs” and “can already” write.
Chapter 1. The life of Vera Pavlovna in her parents’ family
I
Vera Pavlovna grew up in a multi-storey building on Gorokhovaya, which belonged to the Storeshnikovs. The Rozalskys - house manager Pavel Konstantinych, his wife Marya Aleksevna, daughter Vera and “9-year-old son Fedya” lived on the 4th floor. Pavel Konstantinych also served in the department.
From the age of 12, Verochka went to a boarding school and studied with a piano teacher. She sewed well, so she soon sewed the whole family. Because of her dark, “gypsy-like” skin, her mother called her “stuffed animal,” so Vera got used to considering herself ugly. But after some time, her mother stopped driving her around in almost rags, and began dressing her up, hoping to find her daughter a rich husband. At the age of 16, Verochka began giving lessons herself.
Pavel Konstantinich’s boss decided to woo the girl, but it took him too long to get ready. Soon the owner's son Storeshnikov began visiting the Rozalskys and began paying a lot of attention to Verochka. To arrange their marriage, Marya Aleksevna even took expensive tickets to the opera in the same box where the hostess’s son was with friends, they heatedly discussed something in French. Verochka felt awkward and, citing a headache, left early.
II
Mikhail Ivanovich dined with other gentlemen in a fashionable restaurant. Among them there was one lady - Mademoiselle Julie. Storeshnikov said that Vera is his mistress. Julie, who saw Vera at the opera, is clearly not Mikhail’s mistress - “he wants to buy her.”
III
When Storeshnikov came to the Rozalskys the next day, Vera deliberately spoke to him in French so that her mother would not understand anything. She said that she knew that yesterday he decided to “expose” her to his friends as his mistress. Vera asked not to visit them and to leave as soon as possible.
IV
Julie, together with Storeshnikov, came to Vera, since the lady needed a piano teacher for her niece (but this was just a fictitious reason). Julie told Marya Aleksevna that Mikhail made a bet on Vera with his friends.
V–IX
Julie considered Vera a good passion for Storeshnikov: “marrying her, despite her low origins and, compared to you, poverty, would greatly advance your career.” Julie also advised Vera to become Storeshnikov’s wife in order to get rid of her mother’s persecution. But Storeshnikov was unpleasant to Vera.
After some thought, Storeshnikov actually made the offer. Vera's parents were delighted, but the girl herself said that she did not want to marry Mikhail. However, Storeshnikov nevertheless asked that instead of a refusal he be given a deferred response. When visiting the girl, Mikhail “was obedient to her, like a child.” “Three or four months passed like this.”
Chapter 2. First love and legal marriage
I
To prepare Vera’s younger brother for entering the gymnasium, his father hired a medical student, Lopukhov. During lessons, 9-year-old Fedya told the teacher everything about Vera and her potential groom.
II
Lopukhov did not live on government support, and therefore did not go hungry or get cold. From the age of 15 he gave lessons. Lopukhov rented an apartment with his friend Kirsanov. In the near future, he was supposed to become a resident (doctor) in one of the “St. Petersburg military hospitals”, and soon receive a chair at the Academy.
III–VI
Marya Aleksevna invited Lopukhov to a “party” - her daughter’s birthday. At the evening, while dancing, Lopukhov got into a conversation with Vera. He promised to help her “break out of this humiliating situation” associated with the upcoming wedding.
At the end of the evening, Verochka thought about how strange it was that they spoke for the first time “and became so close.” She fell in love with Lopukhov, not yet realizing that her feelings were mutual.
VII–IX
Once, in order to finally check Lopukhov whether he had any plans for Vera, Marya Aleksevna overheard a conversation between Vera and Dmitry. She heard Lopukhov telling Vera that cold, practical people were right: “a person is controlled only by calculation of benefit.” The girl replied that she completely agreed with him. Lopukhov advised her to marry Mikhail Ivanovich. What she heard completely convinced Marya Aleksevna that conversations with Dmitry Sergeich were useful for Verochka.
X–XI
Lopukhov and Vera knew that they were being followed. At Vera's request, Lopukhov looked for a position as a governess for her. Kirsanov helped find the right option.
XII. Verochka's first dream
Vera dreamed that she was locked in a damp, dark basement. Suddenly the door opened and she found herself in a field. She began to dream that she was paralyzed. Someone touched her and her illness went away. Vera saw that a beautiful girl with a changing appearance was walking across the field - English, French, German, Polish, Russian, and her mood was constantly changing. The girl introduced herself as the bride of her suitors and asked them to call her “love for people.” Then Vera dreamed that she was walking through the city and freeing girls locked in the basement and healing girls broken by paralysis.
XIII – XVI
The woman to whom Verochka was supposed to become a governess refused because she did not want to go against the will of the girl’s parents. Frustrated Vera thought that if things got really bad, she would throw herself out the window.
XVII – XVIII
Vera and Dmitry decide to get married and discuss their future lives. The girl wants to earn her own money so as not to be her husband’s slave. She wants them to live as friends, with separate rooms and a common living room.
XIX–XIX
While Lopukhov had business, Vera lived at home. One day she went out with her mother to Gostiny Dvor. Unexpectedly, the girl told her mother that she had married Dmitry Sergeich, sat down with the first cab driver she came across, and ran away.
XX-XIV
Three days before, they actually got married. Lopukhov arranged for his friend Mertsalov to marry them. He remembered that they kiss in church and, so that it would not be too embarrassing there, they kissed beforehand.
Having escaped from her mother, Vera went to the apartment Lopukhov had found for them. Lopukhov himself went to the Rozalskys and reassured them about what had happened.
Chapter 3. Marriage and second love
I
“Things were going well for the Lopukhovs.” Vera gave lessons, Lopukhov worked. The owners with whom the spouses lived were surprised by their way of life - as if they were not a family, but brother and sister. The Lopukhovs entered each other's rooms only by knocking. Vera believed that this only contributed to a strong marriage and love.
II
Vera Pavlovna opened a sewing workshop. Julie helped her find clients. Having gone to her parents, she returned home and did not understand how she could live in “such disgusting straits” and “grow up with a love of goodness.”
III. Vera Pavlovna's second dream
Vera dreamed that her husband and Alexey Petrovich were walking across the field. Lopukhov told a friend that there is “pure dirt,” “real dirt,” from which the ear grows. And there is “rotten dirt” - “fantastic dirt”, from which there is no development.
Then she dreamed of her mother. Marya Aleksevna, with anger in her voice, said that she cared about a piece of bread for her daughter and, if she had not been evil, her daughter would not have been kind.
IV
“Vera Pavlovna’s workshop has settled down.” She initially had three seamstresses, who then found four more. Over the course of three years, their workshop only developed and expanded. “A year and a half later, almost all the girls already lived in one large apartment, had a common table, stocked up on provisions in the same order as is done in large farms.”
V–XVIII
Once after a walk, Dmitry Sergeich became seriously ill with pneumonia. Kirsanov and Vera kept watch at the patient’s bedside until he recovered. Kirsanov had been in love with Vera for a long time, so before his friend’s illness he very rarely visited them.
Both Kirsanov and Lopukhov “paved their way with their breasts, without connections, without acquaintances.” Kirsanov was a physician, “already had a department” and was known as a “master” of his craft.
While staying with the Lopukhovs during his friend’s illness, Kirsanov realized that he was “stepping onto a dangerous road for himself.” Despite the fact that his attachment to Vera renewed with greater force, he managed to cope with it.
XIX. Vera Pavlovna's third dream
Vera dreamed that she was reading her own diary. From it she understands that she loves Lopukhov because he “brought her out of the basement.” That before she did not know the need for a quiet, tender feeling that does not exist in her husband.
XX – XXI
Vera had a premonition that she did not love her husband. Lopukhov began to think that he would not “keep her love behind him.” After analyzing the latest events, Lopukhov realized that feelings had arisen between Kirsanov and Vera.
XXII – XXVIII
Lopukhov asked Kirsanov to visit them more often. Vera realized her passion for Kirsanov and wrote a note to her husband apologizing that she loved Alexander. The next day, Lopukhov went to visit his relatives in Ryazan. A month and a half later he returned, lived for three weeks in St. Petersburg, and then left for Moscow. He left on July 9, and on July 11, “in the morning, confusion occurred in a hotel near the Moscow railway station.”
XXIX – XXX
An acquaintance of the Lopukhovs, Rakhmetov, volunteered to help Vera. He knew about Lopukhov’s plans and handed over a note where he wrote that he was going to “leave the stage.”
Rakhmetov had the nickname Nikitushka Lomov, named after a barge hauler who walked along the Volga, “a giant of Herculean strength.” Rakhmetov worked hard on himself and acquired “exorbitant strength.” He was quite sharp and straightforward in his communication. Once I even slept on nails to test my willpower. The author believes that with people like Rakhmetov, “everyone’s life blossoms; without them it would have died out."
XXXI
Chapter 4. Second marriage
I–III
Berlin, July 20, 1856. Letter to Vera Pavlovna from a “retired medical student” in which he conveys the words of Dmitry Sergeich. Lopukhov understood that their relationship with Vera would no longer be the same as before, reflected on his mistakes and said that Kirsanov should take his place.
IV–XIII
Vera is happy with Kirsanov. They read and discuss books together. Once during a conversation, Vera said that “women’s organization is almost higher than men’s,” that women are stronger and more resilient than men.
Vera suggested that “you need to have something that cannot be abandoned, which cannot be postponed, - then a person is incomparably stronger.” Vera gave the example of Rakhmetov, for whom a common cause replaced a personal one, while they, Alexander and Vera, only need a personal life.
To be equal to her husband in everything, Vera took up medicine. At that time there were no female doctors yet and for a woman this was a compromising matter.
XIV
Vera and Alexander note that over time their feelings only become stronger. Kirsanov believes that without his wife he would have stopped growing professionally long ago.
XVI. Vera Pavlovna's fourth dream
Vera dreamed of a field covered with flowers, flowering bushes, a forest, and a luxurious palace. Vera is shown three queens, goddesses who were worshiped. The first is Astarte, who was her husband’s slave. The second is Aphrodite, who was exalted only as a source of pleasure. The third is “Purity,” showing a knightly tournament and a knight who loved an inaccessible lady of his heart. Knights loved their ladies only until they became their wives and subjects.
Faith's guide said that the kingdoms of those queens were falling, and now her time had come. Vera understands that she herself is the guide and the new queen. The conductor says that it can be expressed in one word - equality. Vera dreams of New Russia, where people live and work happily.
XVII
A year later, Vera’s new workshop was “completely settled.” The first workshop is run by Mertsalova. Soon they opened a store on Nevsky.
XVIII
Letter from Katerina Vasilievna Polozova. She writes that she met Vera Pavlovna and was delighted with her workshop.
Chapter 5. New faces and denouement
I
Polozova owed a lot to Kirsanov. Her father was a “retired captain or headquarters captain.” After retirement, he began to engage in business and soon created “a fair amount of capital.” His wife died, leaving him a daughter, Katya. Over time, his capital reached several million. But at some point he quarreled with the “right person” and at the age of 60 he remained a beggar (compared to recently, he otherwise lived well).
II–V
When Katya was 17 years old, she suddenly began to lose weight and fell ill. Just a year before the wedding with Vera, Kirsanov was among the doctors who took care of Katya’s health. Alexander guessed that the reason for the girl’s ill health was unhappy love.
“Hundreds of suitors courted the heiress of a huge fortune.” Polozov immediately noticed that his daughter liked Solovtsov. But he was “a very bad man.” Polozov once said a barb to Solovtsov, who began to visit them rarely, but began to send hopeless letters to Katya. Rereading them, she fantasized about love and fell ill.
VI–VIII
At the next medical consultation, Kirsanov said that Polozova’s disease was incurable, so her suffering must be stopped by taking a lethal dose of morphine. Having learned about this, Polozov allowed the girl to do what she wanted. Three months later the wedding was scheduled. Soon the girl herself realized her mistake and broke off the engagement. Her views changed, now she was even glad that her father had lost his wealth and “the vulgar, boring, disgusting crowd had left them.”
IX
Polozov decided to sell the stearin plant and, after a long search, found a buyer - Charles Beaumont, who was an agent of the London firm of Hodchson, Lauter and Co.
X
Beaumont said that his father came from America, was here “a distiller at a factory in the Tambov province,” but after the death of his wife he returned to America. When his father died, Charles got a job in a London office that deals with St. Petersburg and asked for a position in Russia.
XI – XII
Polozov invited Beaumont to dinner. During the conversation, Katya expressed that she wanted to do something useful. Beaumont advised her to meet Mrs. Kirsanova, but then tell her how her affairs were.
XIII – XVIII
Beaumont began to visit the Polozovs very often. Polozov considered him a good match for Katerina. Katerina and Charles fell in love with each other, but did not show their passion and were very restrained.
Charles proposed to Catherine, warning that he was already married. The girl realized that it was Vera. Katerina gave him consent.
XIX – XXI
The next day, Katerina went to Vera and said that she would introduce her to her fiancé. The Kirsanovs, having learned that it was Lopukhov, were very happy (Dmitry faked suicide, changed his name, went to America, but then returned). “That same evening we agreed: both families should look for apartments that would be nearby.”
XXII
“Each of the two families lives in its own way, whichever one likes best. They see each other like family." “The sewing industry, continuing to get used to itself, continues to exist; there are now three of them; Katerina Vasilievna arranged hers a long time ago.” This year Vera Pavlovna will already “pass the medical exam.”
XXIII
Several years passed, they lived just as friendly. The author depicts a scene of festivities. Among the youth there is a certain lady in mourning who says that “you can fall in love and you can get married, only with discernment and without deception.”
Chapter 6. Change of scenery
“- To the Passage! - said the lady in mourning, only now she was no longer in mourning: a bright pink dress, a pink hat, a white mantilla, and a bouquet in her hand.” She had been waiting for this day for more than two years. But the author, not wanting to continue, ends his story.
Option 2
Rakhmetov appears before us in the chapter “A Special Person,” but it is felt that he was the most important in the work.
We see that the hero began to be reborn as a young man. His household were serfs, and therefore, noticing and experiencing the morals of serfdom, our character began to think about the truth. Rakhmetov differed from Lopukhov and Kirsanov, first of all, in his strong will and strong character, which manifested themselves in the process of preparatory actions in the revolutionary struggle. When he dreamed of a revolution, he began to have more and more thoughts about how to act. He actively sought rapprochement with ordinary people. This is noticeable from his trips around his native expanses, physical labor, and restrictions in his personal life.
People called Rakhmetov Nikitushka Lomov, thereby showing sympathy for him. He believes that peasants and workers need to be respected and tries to understand the difficulties that they bear on their shoulders. The author awarded the main character with severity towards himself and an inconspicuous appearance. Vera Pavlovna at first considers him a gloomy person, but after getting to know him better, she began to claim that he exudes kindness and tenderness.
Rakhmetov never deviates from accepted norms of behavior. His preparation of himself for the revolutionary struggle is felt both from the moral and physical side. After spending the whole night on nails, he decided to test himself whether he could do this or not. Coming from a noble family, the hero sells his inheritance because he does not want to accept the interests of aristocratic society. Possessing great courage, he refuses happiness and love. It was precisely such a person that Chernyshevsky saw as the leader of the revolutionaries. His image influenced subsequent generations of people with new and progressive views in Russia and the West.
The image of Rakhmetov is close and interesting to me, because he has those qualities that Bazarov did not have. I especially admire his independence, stability and, of course, the fact that he knew how to subordinate his life to his chosen ideal.
Rakhmetov is a special personHere is a genuine person who Russia especially needs now, take his example and, whoever is able and able, follow his path, for this is the only path for you that can lead to the desired goal.
N.G. Chernyshevsky.
Rakhmetov appears as a character in the chapter “A Special Person.” In other chapters his name is only mentioned. But it is felt that the image is placed in the center of the reader’s attention, that Rakhmetov is the main character of the novel “What is to be done?” The chapter “A Special Person” forms, as it were, a small independent story in a novel, the idea of which would not be complete and understandable without it. When talking about Rakhmetov, Chernyshevsky deliberately shifts the temporal order of facts and does not give a definitely consistent description and biography. He uses hints and omissions, interweaving what was “known” about him with what was “learned” later. Therefore, every stroke of the biography is of fundamental importance. For example, origin. Indeed, why does the commoner Chernyshevsky make the main character of a socio-political novel a nobleman whose pedigree goes back centuries? Perhaps, according to the writer, the image of a revolutionary nobleman made the idea of revolution more convincing and attractive. Since the best representatives of the nobility renounce their privileges to live at the expense of the people, it means that a crisis is ripe. Rakhmetov's rebirth began in his early youth. His family was obviously a serf family. This is indicated by the meager phrase: “Yes, and he saw that it was in the village.” Observing the cruelty of serfdom, the young man began to think about justice. “Thoughts began to wander in him, and Kirsanov was for him what Lopukhov was for Vera Pavlovna.” On the very first evening, he “listened greedily” to Kirsanov, “interrupted his words with exclamations and curses on what should perish, blessings on what should live.” Rakhmetov differs from Lopukhov and Kirsanov not only in his aristocratic pedigree, but also in his exceptional strength of character, which is manifested in the constant hardening of body and spirit, but especially in his absorption in the matter of preparing for the revolutionary struggle. This is a man of ideas in the highest sense of the word. For Rakhmetov, the dream of a revolution is a guide to action, a guideline for his entire personal life. The desire for rapprochement with ordinary people is clearly manifested in Rakhmetov. This is evident from his travels around Russia, physical labor, and severe self-restraint in his personal life. The people nicknamed Rakhmetov Nikitushka Lomov, thereby expressing their love for him. Unlike the commoner Bazarov, who spoke condescendingly to the “thick-bearded” men, the nobleman Rakhmetov does not look at the people as a mass to be studied. For him, people are worthy of respect. He is trying to experience at least part of the weight that hangs on the peasant’s shoulders. Chernyshevsky shows Rakhmetov as a person of a “very rare”, “special breed”, but at the same time as a typical person, belonging to a new social group, albeit a small one. The writer endowed the “special person” with severe demands on himself and others and even a gloomy appearance. Vera Pavlovna at first finds him “very boring.” “Lopukhov and Kirsanov, and everyone who was not afraid of anyone or anything, felt at times a certain cowardice in front of him... except for Masha and those who equaled her or surpassed her in the simplicity of their soul and dress.” But Vera Pavlovna, having gotten to know Rakhmetov better, says about him: “...what a gentle and kind person he is.” Rakhmetov is a rigorist, that is, a person who never deviates from the accepted rules of behavior in anything. He prepares himself for the revolutionary struggle both morally and physically. Having slept the night on nails, he explains his action, smiling broadly and joyfully: “Test. Need to. It’s implausible, of course: but it’s necessary, just in case. I see I can." This is probably how Chernyshevsky saw the leader of the revolutionaries. To the question: “What to do?” Nikolai Gavrilovich answers with the image of Rakhmetov and the words placed in the epigraph. The figure of this rigorist had a huge influence on subsequent generations of Russian and foreign revolutionaries. This is evidenced by the confessions of these people that “their favorite was, in particular, Rakhmetov.” I like Rakhmetov. He has those qualities that Bazarov lacks. I admire his tenacity, will, endurance, ability to subordinate his life to his chosen ideal, courage, strength. I want to be at least a little like Rakhmetov.
Rakhmetov's essay in the novel What to do?
The image of Rakhmetov is in some sense truly unique and amazing. It was the highest pure nature, which embodied the features of the era. Chernyshevsky admires the character of his character, he is deeply sympathetic to him. Rakhmetov is endowed with incredible character traits.
This man was an aristocrat by origin, his ideas and thoughts were of a democratic nature. Chernyshevsky himself says about his hero that there are very few such people left.
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