Garin-Mikhailovsky writer and engineer. Women in his destiny

February 20, 1852 – December 10, 1906 (54 years old)

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Nikolai Georgievich Garin-Mikhailovsky (1852–1906) is a famous Russian writer, traveler and engineer. He took part in the construction of several Russian railways. He also contributed to literature. Garin-Mikhailovsky’s biography contains many interesting and significant events.

The material was prepared jointly with a teacher of the highest category, Kuchmina Nadezhda Vladimirovna.

Experience as a teacher of Russian language and literature - 27 years.

Childhood and adolescence

Nikolai Georgievich Garin-Mikhailovsky was born on February 8 (20), 1852, in St. Petersburg. But his childhood and adolescence were spent in Odessa. There Nikolai received his secondary education. He studied at the Richelieu gymnasium. After graduating from school, he became a student at the St. Petersburg Institute of Transport.

According to the recollections of classmates, the future engineer studied somehow. He was more attracted to the romantic side of studying away from home. He often partied with friends and had fleeting affairs.

Garin-Mikhailovsky received his engineering diploma in the summer of 1878, at the height of the Russian-Turkish War.

about the author

Nikolai Georgievich Garin-Mikhailovsky (1852 - 1906) - Russian writer, essayist, engineer, traveler.
Nikolai was born on February 20, 1852 in a family with noble roots. Education in the biography of Garin-Mikhailovsky was received at the Richelieu Gymnasium in Odessa. Then he entered the St. Petersburg Institute of Railways. He spent the next few years in Bulgaria, then in the Samara province.

Later in the biography of N.G. Garin-Mikhailovsky, it was decided to take part in the construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway. The group, led by Garin-Mikhailovsky, chose the path for laying a highway (namely, a railway bridge). It was decided to build near modern Novosibirsk, but the area near Tomsk was not approved.

The first works in the biography of Nikolai Georgievich Garin-Mikhailovsky were published in 1892 (the story “Tema’s Childhood”, the story “Several Years in the Village”). The work “Tema’s Childhood” was a great success, so the author later created a sequel - 3 more parts: “Gymnasium Students”, “Students”, “Engineers”. In addition, Garin-Mikhailovsky published his engineering reflections on the construction of railways in newspapers. The writer outlined his impressions of the time spent in the village in the works “Village Panoramas”, “Several Years in the Village”, “Essays on Provincial Life”. The books and stories of Garin-Mikhailovsky are imbued with sincere optimism.

The writer traveled a lot in the Far East, after which his descriptions “Across Korea, Manchuria and the Liaodong Peninsula” appeared. Garin-Mikhailovsky died on December 10, 1906.

Source

Biography from another source Garin. N. (pseudonym; real name - Nikolai Georgievich Mikhailovsky) (8[20].02.1852—27.11[10.12].1906), writer. Born into an old noble family, once one of the richest and most noble in the Kherson province. He was baptized by Tsar Nicholas I and the mother of the revolutionary Vera Zasulich. He studied at the Richelieu gymnasium in Odessa. The childhood and adolescence of Nikolai Georgievich, which coincided with the era of reforms of the 1860s. - a time of decisive breaking of old foundations, took place in Odessa, where his father, Georgy Antonovich, had a small house and an estate not far from the city. According to the tradition of noble families, he received his initial education at home under the guidance of his mother, then, after a short stay in a German school, he studied at the Odessa Richelieu Gymnasium (1863-1871). In 1871 N.G. Mikhailovsky entered the Faculty of Law of St. Petersburg University, but, having failed the exam in the encyclopedia of law, the following year he brilliantly passed the exam at the Institute of Transport. During his student internship, Mikhailovsky traveled as a fireman on a steam locomotive, built a road from Moldova to Bulgaria, and then he already realized that one must invest not only intelligence and physical strength in work, but also courage; that labor and creation in. his chosen professions are linked together and provide a rich knowledge of life and constantly encourage him to look for ways to transform it. Carried away by populism, in N. In the 80s, Garin settled in the village, trying to prove the vitality of “community life” on his estate in the Samara province. Garin described the results of this experience, which ended in failure, in his first essays, “Several Years in the Country” (1892).

In 1891, Nikolai Georgievich led the fifth survey party on the Chelyabinsk-Ob section of the West Siberian Railway. The most difficult section was the approach to the Ob-Yenisei watershed. Many options were discussed. In a wild country with an unusually harsh climate, despite hardships and colossal strain of strength, Mikhailovsky’s exploration party scrupulously lays out (one after another) options for crossing the Ob and chooses the best, shortest, most profitable: where the great river flows along a rocky bed between rocky banks near the village of Krivoshchekovo. Engineer Vikenty-Ignatiy Ivanovich Roetsky played a major role in choosing the location for the railway bridge. It was his detachment, which was part of the fifth survey party, that carried out detailed surveys in this area. Since the mid-90s, Nikolai Georgievich participated in the organization of the first legal Marxist newspaper “Samara Vestnik”, the magazines “Nachalo” and “Life”, and was a member of the editorial board of the Bolshevik “Bulletin of Life”.

He more than once hid underground workers on his estate and kept illegal literature, in particular Iskra. During the years of the first Russian revolution, through AM Gorky, he transferred large sums to the party treasury.

In December 1905, while in Manchuria as a war correspondent, Nikolai Georgievich participated in the dissemination of revolutionary propaganda publications in the army.

It is no coincidence that from 1896 the strictest secret surveillance was established over him, which continued from that time until his death.

Peace was abhorrent to Nikolai Georgievich’s ebullient nature. His element is movement. He traveled all over Russia, traveled around the world and, according to contemporaries, wrote his works “on the radio” - in a carriage compartment, in a steamboat cabin, in a hotel room, in the hustle and bustle of a station. And death overtook him “on the move.” Nikolai Georgievich died shortly after returning from the army, at an editorial meeting of the journal “Bulletin of Life”. This happened on November 27, 1906. Having donated a large sum for the needs of the revolution, it turned out that there was nothing to bury him with. We collected money by subscription among St. Petersburg workers and intellectuals.

The tsarist regime did not favor bright nuggets like Garin-Mikhailovsky. He was twice fired from the Ministry of Railways, persecuted, and kept under police surveillance. During his lifetime, fame came to him as the writer N. Garin. And now he is known as an outstanding engineer-creator, a selfless Russian educator.

Garin appeared in literature as a realist. In stories of the 90s (“On the Move”, 1893, “Village Panoramas”, 1894, etc.) he painted images of the technical intelligentsia and workers, promoting the idea of ​​​​the need for a rational structure of life (“Option”, 1888, published 1910; “On practice", 1903, etc.). Garin’s most significant work was a tetralogy, characterized by critics as “a whole epic” of Russian life: “Theme’s Childhood” (1892), “Gymnasium Students” (1893), “Students” (1895), “Engineers” (published posthumously, 1907). It is dedicated to the destinies of the younger generation of the “turning point.” The author depicted the evolution of the main character, Tema Kartashev, who, under the influence of the national environment, abandons the nihilistic utopias of his youth and turns into a respectable Russian person. The result of Garin’s numerous travels were travel essays “Across Korea, Manchuria and the Liaodong Peninsula” (1899), “Around the World” (1902), in which Garin spoke with great sympathy about the talents and hard work of the Chinese and Korean people, debunked the theory of “inferiority of the yellow race” " In 1898, while in Korea, he compiled the collection “Korean Tales” (published 1899). In n. In the 1900s he collaborated with the publishing house “Znanie”, but did not take part in the turmoil of 1905.

Source

Engineering activities

Mikhailovsky began his career as a senior technician in Burgas. There in 1879 he earned his first order. In the spring of the same year, he received a prestigious position in the construction of the Bendero-Galician railway. It was led by the company of S. Polyakov. The young engineer had no practical experience at that time, but he quickly established himself well and advanced in his career.

Winter 1879–1880 was quite fruitful for Mikhailovsky. He served in the Ministry of Railways. In March–April he took part in the construction of the Batumi port, which was recaptured from Turkey during the war.

Then he received the position of head of the Baku section of the railway in Transcaucasia. But Mikhailovsky did not last long in his new position.

In 1882 he resigned. The reason was that the straightforward and honest engineer could not come to terms with the reality in which the best human qualities must give way to the thirst for profit.

Garin-Mikhailovsky also took an active part in the construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway. The railway bridge began to be built near modern Novosibirsk. The Tomsk section was not approved.

Dates of life and events

1. In 1879, for his excellent work in Bulgaria, Mikhailovsky received his first civil order . In the same year, he, not yet a completely experienced engineer, was sent to a critical site in the construction of the Bender-Galati railway . This prestigious job captivated Nikolai so much that, having demonstrated his best side, he began to quickly advance in his career. This year was marked by another event - Mikhailovsky got married.
2. At the beginning of 1880, he was sent to build the Batumi port . Here Mikhailovsky and his workers were in constant danger - undead gangs of Turkish robbers were hiding in the mountains, periodically attacking builders.
3. In 1883, Nikolai Georgievich with his wife and children went to the Samara province and bought the Gundorovka . Deciding to become a landowner, Mikhailovsky sets about arranging the estate with the goal of turning it into a model farm. Together with his wife, they launched a vigorous activity - they treated and taught literacy to peasants, showed how to properly, scientifically conduct agriculture. But there were people who were hostile to the innovations. Basically, these were local kulaks. One fine day, the buildings in which considerable funds had been invested were burned. The almost bankrupt couple left Gundorovka, and Mikhailovsky decided to return to engineering.
4. At the beginning of 1886, he was appointed as a surveyor at the Samara-Zlatoust Railway . The site where Mikhailovsky worked later became the beginning of the Trans-Siberian Railway.
5. In 1888, the story “Several Years in the Village” was written, where Mikhailovsky described in documentary form his failed experiment in the socio-economic reconstruction of the estate.
6. At the end of 1890, work began on the story “Tema's Childhood” . This is an autobiographical memoir of childhood, which voices the idea that children, like adults, should be honest, noble and strong. In the same year, work on the Ufa-Zlatoust section was completed, and Mikhailovsky returned to his estate.
7. In January 1892, the magazine “Russian Wealth” published the story “Tema’s Childhood,” which was very warmly received by both the reader and critics. However, literary recognition did not become decisive for Mikhailovsky. He still did not dare to devote himself entirely to literature, and continued to engage in his main activity. Since his work involved endless expeditions, he began to write on the road. Therefore, most of his creative heritage consists of essays, essays, and short sketches.
8. The second part of the story “Tema’s Childhood,” entitled “Gymnasium Students ,” was published in 1893. “Students,” was released .
9. The Ministry of Railways had a sharply negative attitude towards Mikhailovsky writing journalistic essays. In the form of an ultimatum, he was given a demand to cease his literary activities , as a result of which Nikolai Georgievich resigned in 1894. After that, he began to conduct survey work privately, accepting orders from zemstvos.
10. In 1895, Mikhailovsky began developing a large project for the construction of the Krotovsko-Sergievskaya railway . These were years of difficult struggle for its implementation, later described in the book “In the Turmoil of Provincial Life.”
11. After the road was put into operation in 1897, Mikhailovsky allowed himself a short rest . At first, he planned a trip around the world, but, having changed his mind, decided to limit himself to a trip as part of a North Korean expedition.
12. In September 1898, the expedition set out, and by steamship, and then on horseback, arrived at the starting point of the expedition - Novokievsk . On this journey, Mikhailovsky covered 1,600 kilometers . During the route, diaries and an expedition log were kept. The result was the writing of the “Report of the members of the autumn expedition of 1898 in North Korea.” In addition, more than 100 Korean folk tales have been recorded.
13. In 1901, police surveillance . Soon he was expelled from St. Petersburg. The reason was the signing of a protest filed by writers after the beating of students near the Kazan Cathedral
14. In 1902, the essay “Around the World” was published as a result of a long trip that began in China and ended in Paris.
15. In 1903, Mikhailovsky was invited by Emperor Nicholas II to give a detailed account of his round-the-world voyage.
16. In 1906, Nikolai Georgievich lived in St. Petersburg. All this time he took part in creative and social life. He was a member of the editorial team of the journal “Bulletin of Life”, whose employees were A.V. Lunacharsky and V.D. Bonch-Bruevich.
17. December 10, 1906 N.G. Mikhailovsky died suddenly of a heart attack during a break in the meeting at which his story “Teenagers” was discussed.

Literary experiments

Garin-Mikhailovsky was not a professional writer . But his works “Theme’s Childhood” and “Several Years in the Country” received recognition from both readers and critics. Nikolai Georgievich was published in “Russian Thought”. While collaborating with this magazine, Mikhailovsky became quite close with another outstanding writer, K. M. Stanyukovich.

The talent of the author of the story “The Childhood of Theme” allowed him to be called one of the outstanding writers of his time. But Garin-Mikhailovsky reacted fairly calmly to the unexpected success. He did not want to devote his entire life to literature.

A series of autobiographical works brought real fame to the writer. After “Childhood Theme,” “Gymnasium Students,” “Students,” and “Engineers” were published.

Garin-Mikhailovsky: a summary of the writer’s work “Childhood of the Subject”

It is known that the work “Childhood of Themes” is an autobiography, rather, a reference book for parents, by reading which they will be able to understand the psychology of children. And in 1990, director Elena Strizhevskaya directed a film of the same name. The wonderful actress Anna Kamenkova starred as the mother, Leonid Kulagin played the father, and Sergei Golev played Tema himself.

Garin-Mikhailovsky wrote “Tema's Childhood” so vividly and directly that it makes readers experience episode after episode of their life. This book is also recommended for young (and not only) parents because when raising children it is very important to remember yourself at this age and be more lenient towards your children.

And one more important point that the writer Garin-Mikhailovsky touched on in a seemingly childish topic. At some difficult moment, the main character decides to commit suicide, but imagining his mother’s eyes full of sorrow, his crying brothers and sisters and his father’s grief, the boy is horrified by his thought. The book teaches love and kindness, of which there are not many left on the planet.

On a journey

For children studying the short biography of Nikolai Georgievich Garin-Mikhailovsky, it will be useful to know that his journey began in June 1898. The famous explorer A.I. Zvegintsov invited him to join his North Korean expedition. Foreman I.A. Pichnikov and technician N.E. Borminsky were also invited.

The expedition traveled through North Korea, Manchuria and the Liaodong Peninsula. On the way back, Mikhailovsky visited the USA. The last point before returning to Russia was France.

Garin-Mikhailovsky / Books

• Garin-Mikhailovsky, N. G. Essays and stories: T. [1]-2 / N. Garin. - 1893. - 332 p. — Contents: Childhood Topics; Several years in the village; Itska and Davydka; At the station. — [Kept in the National Library of Russia]
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• Garin-Mikhailovsky, N. G. Childhood Themes / [op.] N. Garin. - Moscow: “Mediator” for intelligent readers, 1894. - 160 p. — [Kept in the National Library of Russia]
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• Garin-Mikhailovsky, N. G. High school students: (from a family chronicle) / N. Garin. — St. Petersburg: Ed. magazine "Rus. wealth", 1895. - 324 p. — [Kept in the National Library of Russia]
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• Garin-Mikhailovsky, N. G. Childhood Topics: (from family chronicles); Several years in the village / N. Garin. — 3rd ed. — St. Petersburg: Ed. magazine "Rus. wealth", 1899. - 432 p. — [Kept in the National Library of Russia]
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• Garin-Mikhailovsky, N. G. Korean fairy tales. - St. Petersburg: Knowledge, 1900. - 197 p. — [Kept in the National Library of Russia]
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• Garin-Mikhailovsky, N. G. Childhood Topics: from family. chronicles. T. 1 / N. Garin. — 4th ed. - St. Petersburg: Knowledge, 1903. – 227 p. - (Full composition of writings). - [Kept in the Russian State Library]
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• Garin-Mikhailovsky, N. G. Students; Theme and his friends: from family. chronicles. T. 3 / N. Garin. — 2nd ed. - St. Petersburg: Knowledge, 1903. - 268 p. - (Full composition of writings). - [Kept in the Russian State Library]
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• Garin-Mikhailovsky, N. G. Korean fairy tales recorded in the fall of 1898 / N. Garin. - St. Petersburg: Knowledge, 1904. - II, IV, 193 p. - [Kept in the Russian State Library]
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• Garin-Mikhailovsky, N. G. High school students: from family backgrounds. chronicles. T. 2 / N. Garin. — 5th ed. - St. Petersburg: Knowledge, 1906. - 352 p. - (Full composition of writings). - [Kept in the Russian State Library]
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• Garin-Mikhailovsky, N. G. Stories. T. 5 / N. Garin. - St. Petersburg: Knowledge, 1908. - 317 p. - (Full composition of writings). – [Kept in the Russian State Library]
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• Garin-Mikhailovsky, N. G. Stories. T. 6 / N. Garin. - St. Petersburg: Knowledge, 1908. - 283 p. - (Full composition of writings). - [Kept in the Russian State Library]
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• Garin-Mikhailovsky, N. G. Village panoramas; On the run ; Christmas Eve in a Russian village. T. 7 / N. Garin - St. Petersburg: Knowledge, 1908. - 257 p. - (Full composition of writings). - [Kept in the Russian State Library]
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• Garin-Mikhailovsky, N. G. Fairy tales for children / N. Garin (N. G. Mikhailovsky). - St. Petersburg: publication of the Public Benefit Partnership, 1909. - 127 p. ; ill. — [Kept in the National Library of Russia]
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• Garin-Mikhailovsky, N. G. In the hustle and bustle of provincial life. 1886-1896 T. 8 / N. Garin. - St. Petersburg: Knowledge, 1910. - 268 p. - (Full composition of writings). - [Kept in the Russian State Library]
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• Garin-Mikhailovsky, N. G. Engineers. T. 4 / N. Garin. — 2nd ed. - St. Petersburg: Knowledge, 1911. - 305 p. - (Full composition of writings). - [Kept in the Russian State Library]
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• Garin-Mikhailovsky, N. G. Theme and the Bug: a story / N. Garin; rice. M. Michaelis. - Moscow ; Leningrad: State. publishing house, 1927. - 28 p. : ill. – [Kept in the Russian State Library]
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• Garin-Mikhailovsky, N. G. A day at the gymnasium: a story for children / N. Garin; rice. A. Ermolaeva. - Moscow ; Leningrad: State. publishing house, 1930. - 14 p. : ill. - [Kept in the Russian State Library]
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• Garin-Mikhailovsky, N. G. Childhood Topics. Gymnasium students. Students: in 3 books / N. Garin; preface M. Bocharer. — [Moscow]: Like. Guard, 1936. – 3 volumes. – [Kept in the Russian State Library]
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• Garin-Mikhailovsky, N. G. Selected works / N. G. Garin-Mikhailovsky; text prepared I. Vorobyova; entry Art. A. Volkova. - Moscow: Goslitizdat, 1950. - VII, 300 p. - [Kept in the Russian State Library]
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• Garin-Mikhailovsky, N. G. Collected works: in 5 volumes. T. 1: Tyoma's childhood. Gymnasium students. - Moscow: State Publishing House of Fiction, 1957. - 522 p.
• Garin-Mikhailovsky, N. G. Collected works: in 5 volumes. T. 2: Students. Engineers. - Moscow: State Publishing House of Fiction, 1957. - 563 p.
• Garin-Mikhailovsky, N. G. Collected works: in 5 volumes. T. 3: Essays and stories. 1888–1895. - Moscow: State Publishing House of Fiction, 1957. - 653 p.
• Garin-Mikhailovsky, N. G. Collected works: in 5 volumes. T. 4: Essays and stories. 1895–1906. - Moscow: State Publishing House of Fiction, 1958. - 723 p. - [Kept in the Russian State Library]
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• Garin-Mikhailovsky, N. G. Collected works: in 5 volumes. Vol. 5: On Korea, Manchuria and the Liaodong Peninsula; Around the world ; Korean fairy tales; Fairy tales for children ; Plays; Memoirs, articles. 1894–1906. - Moscow: State Publishing House of Fiction, 1958. - 719 p. - [Kept in the Russian State Library]
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• Garin-Mikhailovsky, N. G. Korean fairy tales. - Moscow: Goslitizdat, 1956. - 71 p. - [Kept in the Russian State Library]
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• Garin-Mikhailovsky, N. G. Childhood Topics; Gymnasium students / N. G. Garin-Mikhailovsky. - Moscow: Eksmo, 2010. - 605 p. : ill. - [Kept in the Russian State Library]
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• Garin-Mikhailovsky, N. G. Childhood Themes / N. G. Garin-Mikhailovsky. - Moscow: AST; Vladimir: Astrel; 2010. - 281 p. - [Kept in the Russian State Library]
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• Garin-Mikhailovsky, N. G. Reward of the King of Birds: Korean fairy tales / told for children by Nison Hoza and Nikolai Garin-Mikhailovsky; ill. Nikolai Kochergin. - Moscow: NIGMA, 2012. - 171 p. : ill. - [Kept in the Russian State Library]
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• Garin-Mikhailovsky, N. G. Childhood Topics: autobiographical story / N. G. Garin-Mikhailovsky; artist D. Shterenberg. - Moscow: Children's lit., 2013. - 216 p. : ill. - [Kept in the Russian State Library]
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• Garin-Mikhailovsky, N. G. History of one school: stories, fairy tales / N. Garin-Mikhailovsky. — Moscow: Iskatelkniga, 2021. — 62 p. – [Kept in the Russian State Library]
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• Garin-Mikhailovsky, N. G. Theme and the Bug: story / N. Garin-Mikhailovsky; artist D. Shterenberg. – Moscow: ENAS-KNIGA, 2016. – 15 p. : ill. - (New old books).
• Garin-Mikhailovsky, N. G. Childhood Topics: story / N. G. Garin-Mikhailovsky. – Moscow: Dragonfly, 2021. – 221 p. - (School program).
• Garin-Mikhailovsky, N. G. Childhood Topics: from a family chronicle / Nikolai Garin-Mikhailovsky. — St. Petersburg: Azbuka, 2021. — 251 p. - [Kept in the Russian State Library]
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• Garin-Mikhailovsky, N. G. Childhood Themes / N. G. Garin-Mikhailovsky. — Moscow: AST, 2021. — 288 p. — (Classics for schoolchildren. KSh).

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Fatal meeting

But most of all at this time he was fascinated by writing. His first essays came from the engineer’s pen, and the writer’s wife was not idle - she organized a free school for rural children. Gradually, Garin-Mikhailovsky became fascinated by writing, and he became acquainted with the bohemian environment of the nineteenth century.

This acquaintance became fatal for the writer. In May 1896, the romantic writer Stanyukovich introduces the engineer-writer to Vera Sadovskaya, a woman “who is dying and needs help.” Nikolai Georgievich loses his head, and his life is divided into two halves: one half belongs entirely to his family and children, and the other to Vera Alexandrovna. Mikhailovsky does not want to divorce his wife, but Sadovskaya’s husband will not give her a divorce. Everyone around knows about the love triangle, and many friends are divided into two groups: one wants to see the writer with his wife and invites him to dinner only in this composition, and the other half prefers to communicate with Vera Sadovskaya. Only a small number of acquaintances are ready to host both women.

Last years and death of the writer

The carefree time is passing for Garin-Mikhailovsky, but he just can’t sort things out with his women.

Sadovskaya gives birth to his daughter, whom they call Veronica, after the name of her mother - Vera, and her father (Nikolai) - Nika. They were a beautiful couple. Women looked at Garin both in his youth and in his mature years, and Verochka, who grew up in palaces, completely captivated everyone with her beauty. Faithful to her lover, she without regret spent all her funds on the fantasies of her loved one. But in 1901, the writer was sent into exile for two years for supporting rebellious students.

There he buys an estate in the name of his beloved woman and settles there with her. Soon they have more children: Vera and Nika. However, the rural idyll changes Garin-Mikhailovsky’s way of thinking, and Sadovskaya feels this keenly. After some time they separated.

The anxious time of 1905 was approaching. The writer returns to St. Petersburg, gets back together with his wife, gets to work, organizes a revolutionary magazine, but his heart cannot withstand the heavy load. And then one day at the next meeting, feeling unwell, Garin-Mikhailovsky quietly goes into the next room, lies down on the sofa to rest and never gets up again. At the hour of death, his first love, Nadezhda Valerievna, was next to him.